All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

Methodology: Dependency Counts.

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	18	3	15	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies chart

Metaframework Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SolidStart	18
SvelteKit	25
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies chart

Metaframework Development Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	3
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies chart

Metaframework Production Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	15
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	0 / 5	582	77	156.30MB	133.30MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	119	1	60.05MB	63.60MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies chart

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	0
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies chart

Starter Project Production Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
SolidStart	5
React Router	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies chart

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SvelteKit	1
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
Nuxt	63
SolidStart	77

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size chart

Node modules size data

Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	60.05 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	156.30 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.46s	1.43s	1.53s	0.95s	0.85s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.52s	0.50s	0.56s	0.35s	0.35s	0.01MB
Next.js	2.89s	2.83s	2.94s	4.72s	4.75s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.87s	2.72s	3.30s	3.66s	3.66s	2.46MB
React Router	1.23s	1.21s	1.26s	1.73s	1.61s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.66s	1.60s	1.70s	5.51s	5.34s	0.84MB
SvelteKit	1.15s	1.10s	1.24s	2.41s	2.32s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.73s	1.70s	1.75s	5.04s	4.95s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time chart

Avg install time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.52s
SvelteKit	1.15s
React Router	1.23s
Astro	1.46s
SolidStart	1.66s
TanStack Start	1.73s
Nuxt	2.87s
Next.js	2.89s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time chart

Cold build time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.35s
Astro	0.95s
React Router	1.73s
SvelteKit	2.41s
Nuxt	3.66s
Next.js	4.72s
TanStack Start	5.04s
SolidStart	5.51s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time chart

Warm build time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.35s
Astro	0.85s
React Router	1.61s
SvelteKit	2.32s
Nuxt	3.66s
Next.js	4.75s
TanStack Start	4.95s
SolidStart	5.34s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size chart

Build output size data

Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.84 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	29
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP	INP
Astro	182ms	181.85ms	0ms
Next.js	388.4ms	388.41ms	0ms
Nuxt	250.8ms	250.87ms	0ms
React Router	219.8ms	219.58ms	0ms
SolidStart	212ms	211.97ms	0ms
SvelteKit	162ms	162.15ms	0ms
TanStack Start	211.8ms	211.68ms	0ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart

First Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	162.00 ms
Astro	182.00 ms
TanStack Start	211.80 ms
SolidStart	212.00 ms
React Router	219.80 ms
Nuxt	250.80 ms
Next.js	388.40 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart

First Contentful Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	162.15 ms
Astro	181.85 ms
TanStack Start	211.68 ms
SolidStart	211.97 ms
React Router	219.58 ms
Nuxt	250.87 ms
Next.js	388.41 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction to Next Paint (ms)

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) chart

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	0.00 ms
Next.js	0.00 ms
Nuxt	0.00 ms
React Router	0.00 ms
SolidStart	0.00 ms
SvelteKit	0.00 ms
TanStack Start	0.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP	INP
Astro	131ms	131.21ms	0ms
Mastro	160.2ms	160.41ms	0ms
Next.js	180.8ms	180.67ms	0ms
Nuxt	161.8ms	161.73ms	0ms
React Router	163ms	162.98ms	0ms
SolidStart	122.6ms	122.66ms	0ms
SvelteKit	130.4ms	130.55ms	0ms
TanStack Start	173.4ms	173.23ms	0ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart

First Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	122.60 ms
SvelteKit	130.40 ms
Astro	131.00 ms
Mastro	160.20 ms
Nuxt	161.80 ms
React Router	163.00 ms
TanStack Start	173.40 ms
Next.js	180.80 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart

First Contentful Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SolidStart	122.66 ms
SvelteKit	130.55 ms
Astro	131.21 ms
Mastro	160.41 ms
Nuxt	161.73 ms
React Router	162.98 ms
TanStack Start	173.23 ms
Next.js	180.67 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction to Next Paint (ms)

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) chart

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	0.00 ms
Mastro	0.00 ms
Next.js	0.00 ms
Nuxt	0.00 ms
React Router	0.00 ms
SolidStart	0.00 ms
SvelteKit	0.00 ms
TanStack Start	0.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	833	1.207ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	673	1.431ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	277	3.545ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	234	4.503ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	367	2.646ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	349	2.831ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	411	2.412ms	230.24kb	2x
SvelteKit	442	2.19ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	330	3.006ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec chart

Ops/sec data

Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	833
Astro	673
SvelteKit	442
SolidStart	411
Nuxt	367
React Router	349
TanStack Start	330
Mastro	277
Next.js	234

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size chart

Body Size data

Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	230.24 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency chart

Median Latency data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.21 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.19 ms
SolidStart	2.41 ms
Nuxt	2.65 ms
React Router	2.83 ms
TanStack Start	3.01 ms
Mastro	3.54 ms
Next.js	4.50 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,556.4	100	20ms	47ms	114ms	45,943
Astro	1,175	50	40ms	68ms	402ms	34,638
Mastro	583.21	25	45ms	136ms	1152ms	18,487
Next.js	37.8	5	2194ms	4640ms	4695ms	1,037
Nuxt	56.2	25	2578ms	4351ms	4407ms	1,749
React Router	170.6	10	310ms	1606ms	3904ms	5,616
SolidStart	62.8	10	3350ms	3703ms	4038ms	2,032
SvelteKit	500.2	25	83ms	366ms	2569ms	15,980
TanStack Start	43.4	5	3707ms	4300ms	4528ms	1,319

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	20.00 ms
Astro	40.00 ms
Mastro	45.00 ms
SvelteKit	83.00 ms
React Router	310.00 ms
Next.js	2194.00 ms
Nuxt	2578.00 ms
SolidStart	3350.00 ms
TanStack Start	3707.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	47.00 ms
Astro	68.00 ms
Mastro	136.00 ms
SvelteKit	366.00 ms
React Router	1606.00 ms
SolidStart	3703.00 ms
TanStack Start	4300.00 ms
Nuxt	4351.00 ms
Next.js	4640.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	114.00 ms
Astro	402.00 ms
Mastro	1152.00 ms
SvelteKit	2569.00 ms
React Router	3904.00 ms
SolidStart	4038.00 ms
Nuxt	4407.00 ms
TanStack Start	4528.00 ms
Next.js	4695.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
Mastro	44.00 ms
SvelteKit	57.00 ms
React Router	156.00 ms
Nuxt	445.00 ms
SolidStart	574.00 ms
Next.js	743.00 ms
TanStack Start	829.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	34.00 ms
Astro	43.00 ms
Mastro	91.00 ms
SvelteKit	133.00 ms
React Router	298.00 ms
SolidStart	501.00 ms
Nuxt	617.00 ms
TanStack Start	851.00 ms
Next.js	2415.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	84.00 ms
Astro	88.00 ms
Mastro	186.00 ms
SvelteKit	249.00 ms
React Router	406.00 ms
SolidStart	595.00 ms
Nuxt	1016.00 ms
TanStack Start	1412.00 ms
Next.js	2876.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart

Good Largest Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data

Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart

Good First Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	78
Next.js	76
Nuxt.js	67
React Router	66

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart

Good Time To First Byte data

Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart

Good Interaction to Next Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart

Good Largest Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data

Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart

Good First Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	71
SvelteKit	60
Next.js	50
Nuxt.js	43
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart

Good Time To First Byte data

Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart

Good Interaction to Next Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.